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Gardening mulch is a protective layer of material spread on the surface of the soil. It serves multiple purposes, such as retaining moisture, suppressing weeds, regulating soil temperature, and adding nutrients to the soil as it decomposes. Common mulching materials include wood chips, bark, leaves, straw, and even rubber or plastic sheeting. Applying mulch helps create a healthier growing environment for plants. According to the [Oregon State University Extension Service](https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gardening/techniques/mulching-saves-water-holds-weeds-check), proper mulching can reduce watering needs by 25-50%.