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Good gardening soil typically consists of a balanced mixture of minerals, organic matter, air, and water. The mineral particles (sand, silt, and clay) provide structure and nutrients. Organic matter like compost or peat moss improves soil texture, moisture retention, and fertility. Air pockets allow roots to breathe and water to drain. The ideal soil has around 25% air space, 45% mineral particles, 25% water, and 5% organic matter. Check your soil’s composition at [https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/] and amend as needed.